Cumhuriyet’in kurucusu Atat\u00fcrk, 57 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ya\u015fam\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk milletinin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6neten bir komutan olarak de\u011fil, devrimleriyle de d\u00fcnya tarihine ge\u00e7tiB\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, 10 Kas\u0131m 1938’de Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131’nda saat 09.05’te hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu”Benim na\u00e7iz v\u00fccudum elbet bir g\u00fcn toprak olacakt\u0131r, fakat T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilelebet payidar kalacakt\u0131r” diyen Atat\u00fcrk, ebedi istirahatgah\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye’nin kalbi An\u0131tkabir’de T\u00fcrk milletinin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde ya\u015famaya devam ediyor<\/p>\n
Umutlar\u0131 t\u00fckenmi\u015f bir milleti Milli M\u00fccadele ate\u015fiyle aya\u011fa kald\u0131r\u0131p Anadolu’nun vatan olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, bug\u00fcn 103 ya\u015f\u0131na giren T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni kuran B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn ebediyete intikalinin \u00fczerinden 88 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, 1881’de Selanik’te d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m’\u0131n arzusu do\u011frultusunda ilk\u00f6\u011frenimine Haf\u0131z Mehmet Efendi’nin mahalle mektebinde ba\u015flayan Mustafa Kemal, daha sonra babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi’nin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u015eemsi Efendi Mektebi’nde ilkokulu tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ortaokul e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in gitti\u011fi Selanik M\u00fclkiye R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’nden kendi iste\u011fiyle ayr\u0131lan Mustafa Kemal, \u00f6\u011frenimini Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’nde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi’nden ikincilikle mezun oldu. Askeri \u00f6\u011freniminin yan\u0131nda yabanc\u0131 dil e\u011fitimi de devam eden Atat\u00fcrk, yazlar\u0131 izinli d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Selanik’te Frans\u0131zca dersleri ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Daha sonra \u0130stanbul’a gelerek 1899’da girdi\u011fi Harp Okulu’nu 1902’de te\u011fmen r\u00fctbesiyle tamamlayan Atat\u00fcrk, Harp Akademisi’nden de 1905’te kurmay y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle mezun oldu.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal, kurmayl\u0131k staj\u0131 i\u00e7in 1905’te \u015eam’da 5. Ordu emrine atand\u0131, Suriye b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fcst\u00fcn hizmetleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Be\u015finci R\u00fctbe’den Mecidi Ni\u015fan\u0131 verildi. Merkezi Makedonya’n\u0131n Manast\u0131r \u015fehrindeki 3. Ordu Karargah\u0131’na 1907’de atanan Mustafa Kemal, Selanik’teki kurmay \u015fubede g\u00f6revlendirildi.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal, Manast\u0131r ve Selanik’te g\u00f6revliyken 1909’da \u0130stanbul’daki 31 Mart Vakas\u0131’n\u0131 bast\u0131ran Hareket Ordusu’nda g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. Arnavutluk’taki isyan\u0131 bast\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 1910’da d\u00fczenlenen harekatta da g\u00f6revlendirilen Mustafa Kemal, \u0130talya’n\u0131n 1911’de Trablusgarp’a asker \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Tobruk’a g\u00f6nderildi. Tobruk ve Derne’de T\u00fcrk kuvvetlerini ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00f6netti ve \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Tobruk Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Derne Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 6 Mart 1912’de atanan Mustafa Kemal, Ekim 1912’de Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flay\u0131nca Gelibolu ve Bolay\u0131r’daki birliklerle sava\u015fa kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve Dimetoka ile Edirne’nin geri al\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131nda etkili oldu.<\/p>\n
– “Vatan\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcce bir vazife olamaz”<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal, 1913’te Balkan Harbi’nden sonra Sofya ata\u015femiliterli\u011fine atand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ata\u015femiliter olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal, Ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k Vekaleti’ne m\u00fcracaat ederek cephede g\u00f6rev almak istedi.<\/p>\n
Kendisine “Sizin i\u00e7in orduda her zaman bir g\u00f6rev vard\u0131r. Ancak Sofya Ata\u015femiliterli\u011fini daha \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden sizi orada b\u0131rak\u0131yoruz.” cevab\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi \u00fczerine B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, Ba\u015fkomutan Vekili Enver Pa\u015fa’ya \u015fu mektubu yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n
“Vatan\u0131n m\u00fcdafaas\u0131na ait faal vazifelerden daha m\u00fchim ve y\u00fcce bir vazife olamaz. Arkada\u015flar\u0131m muharebe cephelerinde, ate\u015f hatlar\u0131nda bulunurken ben Sofya’da ata\u015femiliterlik yapamam. E\u011fer birinci s\u0131n\u0131f subay olmak liyakatinden mahrumsam, kanaatiniz bu ise l\u00fctfen a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6yleyiniz.”<\/p>\n
Bunun \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal, 1915’te Esat Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131ndaki 3. Kolordu’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Tekirda\u011f’da olu\u015fturulacak 19. T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131’na asker \u00e7\u0131karan ve Conkbay\u0131r\u0131’na ilerleyen d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetleri, Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn komutas\u0131ndaki 19. T\u00fcmen kuvvetlerinin taarruzuyla geri \u00e7ekildi. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, cephanesi biten T\u00fcrk askerine “Cephaneniz yoksa s\u00fcng\u00fcn\u00fcz var.” diyerek, moral ve g\u00fcven verdi.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal, Conkbay\u0131r\u0131 taarruzu s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne isabet eden \u015farapnel par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n cebindeki saati par\u00e7alayarak d\u00f6nmesi sonucu mutlak \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtuldu. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, sadece Gelibolu Yar\u0131madas\u0131 Kuzey B\u00f6lgesi Muharebelerinin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7anakkale Bo\u011faz\u0131’n\u0131n, \u00c7anakkale Cephesi’nin, \u0130stanbul’un da kaderini tayin etti ve b\u00f6ylece \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa “Anafartalar Kahraman\u0131” olarak \u00fcn kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7anakkale’den sonra Do\u011fu Cephesi’nde 16. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na atanan Mustafa Kemal, 1916’da Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 durdurarak Bitlis ve Mu\u015f’u d\u00fc\u015fmandan geri ald\u0131 ve bu cephede generalli\u011fe terfi etti.<\/p>\n
– \u00dclkenin i\u015fgali \u00fczerine Samsun’a hareket etti<\/p>\n
Filistin ve Suriye’de g\u00f6revli 7. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na 1917 temmuz ay\u0131nda atanan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, bir s\u00fcre sonra 2. Ordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tayin olsa da g\u00f6revi kabul etmeyerek Genel Karargah emrinde \u0130stanbul’da kald\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Veliaht Vahdettin ile Almanya’ya giderek Alman Genel Karargah\u0131 ve Alman sava\u015f cephelerinde incelemelerde bulundu.<\/p>\n
Suriye cephesinde 1918’de yeniden g\u00f6revlendirilen Mustafa Kemal, 7. Ordu Komutan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131 ve bu s\u0131rada \u0130ngilizlerin as\u0131l ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130skenderun’u i\u015fgal edip, kuzeye \u00e7ekilmekte olan 7. Ordu’yu abluka alt\u0131na almak oldu\u011funu \u0130stanbul’a bildirdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngilizlerin \u0130skenderun’u diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan 9 Kas\u0131m 1918’de teslim almas\u0131 \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezi ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 telgraf g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde, \u0130ngilizlere verilen tavizleri tenkit etti. “B\u00f6yle giderse memleketin binbir t\u00fcrl\u00fc entrika ve istilaya maruz kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” izah etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’ya, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grup Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 7. Ordu’nun la\u011fvedildi\u011fi bildirildi.<\/p>\n
Pa\u015fa, bu acziyetin tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordu ve emrindeki birliklerin komutas\u0131n\u0131 2. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Nihat Pa\u015fa’ya b\u0131rakarak ayn\u0131 ak\u015fam Adana’dan trenle \u0130stanbul’a hareket etti.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul’da, 13 Kas\u0131m 1918’den 16 May\u0131s 1919’a kadar kalarak memleketin genel durumunu yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendiren Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u00fclkesinin kaderini de\u011fi\u015ftirecek Samsun yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve istiklal m\u00fccadelesini ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u00dclkeyi d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak amac\u0131n\u0131 gizli tutarak Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi g\u00f6reviyle \u0130stanbul’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Karadeniz yoluyla 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kan Mustafa Kemal, 22 Haziran 1919’da Amasya Genelgesi’ni yay\u0131mlad\u0131. T\u00fcrk milletine, “vatan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve milletin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikede oldu\u011funu, azim ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla vatan\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Sivas’ta bir kongre toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” bildirdi.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’nin verdi\u011fi g\u00f6revinden ve askerlikten istifa ederek, 23 Temmuz 1919’da Erzurum’da, 4 Eyl\u00fcl 1919’da Sivas’ta toplanan kongrelerin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bu kongrelerde al\u0131nan, “D\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 milletin vatan\u0131 savunaca\u011f\u0131, bu ama\u00e7la ge\u00e7ici bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulaca\u011f\u0131 ve bir milli meclisin toplanaca\u011f\u0131, manda ve himayenin kabul edilmeyece\u011fi” kararlar\u0131yla B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin de temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi (TBMM), Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 23 Nisan 1920’de Ankara’da tarihi g\u00f6revine ba\u015flad\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Meclis ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
– Milli M\u00fccadele ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anadolu Ajans\u0131n\u0131 kurdu<\/p>\n
TBMM a\u00e7\u0131lmadan 17 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce, 6 Nisan 1920’de, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn talimat\u0131yla Anadolu Ajans\u0131 (AA) kuruldu. “Milli M\u00fccadele’nin sesini d\u00fcnyaya duyurmak” amac\u0131yla kurulan AA, TBMM’nin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk yasalar\u0131 duyurdu, Milli M\u00fccadele’nin ve Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti.<\/p>\n
TBMM a\u00e7\u0131larak milli bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda 10 A\u011fustos 1920’de Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
– “Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 bizce mevcut de\u011fildir”<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, United Telegraph gazetesi muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak, “Siyasi, adli, iktisadi ve mali ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 imhaya ve neticede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 inkara ve kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131 bizce mevcut de\u011fildir.” dedi. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u0130tilaf Devletleri aras\u0131nda imzalanan Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n kabul edilmedi\u011fi TBMM taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyaya duyuruldu.<\/p>\n
– “Vatan\u0131n her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131yla \u0131slanmad\u0131k\u00e7a terk olunamaz”<\/p>\n
\u0130tilaf Devletleri’nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u0130zmir’i i\u015fgal eden Yunan kuvvetlerinin ilerlemesi, 1921’de Birinci ve \u0130kinci \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc Sava\u015flar\u0131 ile durduruldu.<\/p>\n
Yunan ordusunun 23 A\u011fustos 1921’de yeniden taarruz etmesiyle Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi ba\u015flad\u0131. Atat\u00fcrk, birliklere, “Hatt\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa yoktur, sath\u0131 m\u00fcdafaa vard\u0131r. O sat\u0131h b\u00fct\u00fcn vatand\u0131r. Vatan\u0131n her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131n kan\u0131yla \u0131slanmad\u0131k\u00e7a terk olunamaz.” diyerek tarihe ge\u00e7en emrini verdi.<\/p>\n
– “Mare\u015fal” r\u00fctbesi ve “Gazi” \u00fcnvan\u0131<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkomutan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi T\u00fcrk ordusu, Yunan ordusunu bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi’ni zaferle sonu\u00e7land\u0131rd\u0131. 22 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren sava\u015fta Yunan ordusu a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plara u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu zafer dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’e TBMM taraf\u0131ndan “Mare\u015fal” r\u00fctbesi ve “Gazi” \u00fcnvan\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n
Sakarya Zaferi’nin ard\u0131ndan 13 Ekim 1921’de Kafkas Cumhuriyetleri ile Kars Antla\u015fmas\u0131, 20 Ekim 1921’de Frans\u0131zlarla Hatay haricinde bug\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7izildi\u011fi Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk ordusu, vatan\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgalinden kurtarmak i\u00e7in 26 A\u011fustos 1922’de kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruz’u ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi 30 A\u011fustos 1922’deki Dumlup\u0131nar (Ba\u015fkomutan) Meydan Muharebesi’nde T\u00fcrk ordusu, Yunan ordusunu bozguna u\u011fratt\u0131. Ka\u00e7an d\u00fc\u015fman kuvvetlerini izleyen T\u00fcrk ordusu, 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1922’de \u0130zmir’e girdi.<\/p>\n
Anadolu’yu d\u00fc\u015fman istilas\u0131ndan kurtaran b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri zaferlerin ard\u0131ndan 11 Ekim 1922’de Mudanya Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131 ve \u0130tilaf Devletleri, i\u015fgal ettikleri T\u00fcrk topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n
Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00fclkenin kaderinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi, T\u00fcrk milletinin d\u00fcnyaya meydan okudu\u011fu, kahramanl\u0131k destanlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
– T\u00fcrkiye’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k belgesi Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131<\/p>\n
\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye heyeti ile \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya, Japonya, Yunanistan, Romanya ve Yugoslavya aras\u0131nda 24 Temmuz 1923’te Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131’na ili\u015fkin, “Bu antla\u015fma, T\u00fcrk milleti aleyhine, as\u0131rlardan beri haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131’yla tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zannedilmi\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir suikast\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder bir vesikad\u0131r.” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
– T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, Fransa’da ihtilal ile kurulan cumhuriyeti, demokrasiyi ve y\u00f6netim \u015feklini inceledi ancak bunun ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye’de uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkenin siyasal, sosyolojik ve ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bildi\u011finden, demokrasinin sadece Cumhuriyet ile toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerince i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilece\u011fini biliyordu.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn yak\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan, usta gazeteci ve yazar Falih R\u0131fk\u0131 Atay, “\u00c7ankaya” adl\u0131 eserinde, Cumhuriyet’e giden s\u00fcreci ve Mustafa Kemal’in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini ana hatlar\u0131yla \u015fu c\u00fcmlelerle kaleme ald\u0131:<\/p>\n
“Rejimdeki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc olmayan durumlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi zorunlulu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye’nin devlet \u015fekli hen\u00fcz belirlenmemi\u015fti. Kanun-i Esasi’de yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015feklini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlemek gerekiyordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, padi\u015fahl\u0131k ve hilafet taraftarlar\u0131 hala vard\u0131.”<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, Cumhuriyet ilan edilene kadar Cumhuriyet fikrini muhalefetle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle gizli tuttu ama yeni y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin \u00e7abuk kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Nutuk’ta “Devlet y\u00f6netimini, Cumhuriyet’ten s\u00f6z etmeksizin, ulusal egemenlik ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, her an Cumhuriyet’e do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u015fekilde toparlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorduk.” s\u00f6zleriyle kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
TBMM taraf\u0131ndan 29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet ilan edildi ve Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. 1938’de vefat\u0131na dek arka arkaya 4 kez Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilen B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder Atat\u00fcrk, bu g\u00f6revi en uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcr\u00fcten Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’e y\u00f6nelik 14 Haziran 1926’da suikast giri\u015fimi engellendi, eleba\u015flar\u0131 \u0130zmir’de tutukland\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00d6nder, suikast giri\u015fimine ili\u015fkin Anadolu Ajans\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, “Al\u00e7ak giri\u015fimin benim \u015fahs\u0131mdan ziyade mukaddes Cumhuriyet’imize ve onun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek ilkelerimize y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bulundu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Benim na\u00e7iz v\u00fccudum elbet bir g\u00fcn toprak olacakt\u0131r fakat T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilelebet payidar kalacakt\u0131r.” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
Gazi Mustafa Kemal’e 24 Kas\u0131m 1934’te 2587 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’la “Atat\u00fcrk” soyad\u0131 verildi ve bu soyad\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131.<\/p>\n
– Ekonomi, d\u0131\u015f politika ve tar\u0131mdaki hamleleri<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1929 D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Bunal\u0131m\u0131’n\u0131n etkilerini hafifletmek ve \u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla 1933’te Be\u015f Y\u0131ll\u0131k Sanayi Plan\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde d\u0131\u015f politikada da \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Milletler Cemiyeti’ne girilmesi, Balkan Antant\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131, Montr\u00f6 Bo\u011fazlar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve Sadabat Pakt\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00f6lgesel ve uluslararas\u0131 ad\u0131mlar, T\u00fcrkiye’nin b\u00f6lgesinde ve d\u00fcnyada etkili bir akt\u00f6r olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n
Tar\u0131ma ve \u00e7ift\u00e7iye de\u011fer veren Atat\u00fcrk, \u00e7iftliklerde 1925’ten ba\u015flayarak 13 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle planl\u0131 ve ciddi bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapt\u0131rd\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcn vermeyen topraklarda \u00e7iftlikler kurarak bu topraklar\u0131 ziraata elveri\u015fli hale getirdi.<\/p>\n
– “Hatay, benim \u015fahsi meselemdir”<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, ulusal meseleden ziyade, “Benim \u015fahsi meselemdir.” dedi\u011fi Hatay’\u0131n ana vatana kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yo\u011fun \u00e7aba sarf etti, bu hedef vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1939’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 57 y\u0131l s\u00fcren ya\u015fam\u0131nda, milletinin ve vatan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve girdi\u011fi her m\u00fccadeleden zaferle \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Askeri ve siyasi dehas\u0131yla sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 10 Kas\u0131m 1938’de 57 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131’nda saat 09.05’te hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn vefat\u0131 yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkiye’de de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n
– Ata’n\u0131n cenazesinin An\u0131tkabir yolculu\u011fu<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, 16 Kas\u0131m’da Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131 t\u00f6ren salonunda katafalka konuldu. 19 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc cenaze b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kalabal\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan Yavuz Z\u0131rhl\u0131s\u0131 ile \u0130zmit’e, oradan da ayn\u0131 ak\u015fam t\u00fcm yurt gezilerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tren ile Ankara’ya u\u011furland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ankara’da 20 Kas\u0131m’da devlet erkan\u0131 ve yabanc\u0131 devlet insanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanan cenaze, TBMM \u00f6n\u00fcnde katafalka konuldu. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir cenaze t\u00f6reni ile 21 Kas\u0131m 1938’de Ankara Etnografya M\u00fczesi’ndeki ge\u00e7ici kabrine konulan Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn naa\u015f\u0131, ebedi istirahatgah\u0131 An\u0131tkabir’e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 Kas\u0131m 1953’e kadar burada kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
“Benim na\u00e7iz v\u00fccudum elbet bir g\u00fcn toprak olacakt\u0131r, fakat T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ilelebet payidar kalacakt\u0131r” diyen Atat\u00fcrk, ebedi istirahatgah\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye’nin kalbi An\u0131tkabir’de T\u00fcrk milletinin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn ebediyete intikalinin \u00fczerinden 88 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti<\/a> yaz\u0131s\u0131 ilk \u00f6nce Eksen K\u0131br\u0131s<\/a> \u00fczerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n